Ichthammol the ammonium salt of dark sulfonated shale oil is used successfully as active pharmaceutical ingredient of natural origin for more than 100 years in treatment of skin disorders.
From elemental analysis, its composition was calculated to be C28H36S5O6(NH4)2. However, as a product of natural origin, it is a mixture of many different compounds.
Chemically, it is a sulfonated shale oil. It can be presented in two forms: Pale sulfonated shale oil (PSSO), and dark sulfonated shale oil (DSSO). PSSO, also known as "ichthyol", is incompatible with acids, alkali carbonates or hydrates and alkaloidal salts. DSSO is sometimes called ichthammol. It is a thick reddish brown liquid, possessing a bituminous odor and taste. It is soluble in water and miscible with glycerin, but is nearly insoluble in strong alcohol or concentrated ether. It contains a large percentage of organically combined sulfur.
It is used to treat eczema, psoriasis, Acne rosacea and acne, and it decreases microorganisms in the area surrounding a skin condition. It is commonly used in 10% or 20% concentrate ointment, applied topically.
| Ichthammol |
USP31 |
| Items |
Specification |
| Characters |
Brown black and sticky liquid |
| Loss on drying |
41.4% |
| Residue on ignition |
0.1% |
| Limit for ammonium sulfate |
0.7% |
| Assay for ammonia |
6.5% |
| Assay for total sulfur |
14.0% |
| Bacteria |
≤100/g |
| Mould and microzyme |
≤100/g |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
Not detected |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Not detected |
| Storage |
in cool and dry place, keep away from direct strong light and heat. |
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